ᠰᠦᠩ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ︵ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 960~ | 1368 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠰᠦᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠯᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 960 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠲᠦᠸᠧ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠣ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ | ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠦᠩ ᠵᠧᠨ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1002 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢᠩ | ᠵᠸᠤ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠹᠦ᠋ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠦᠩ ᠿᠧᠨ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1038 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠯᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠾᠧ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠦᠩ ᠿᠧᠨ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1044 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠪᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | 400 ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠰᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1143 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠪᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠢ ᠮᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1227 | ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ▲ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢᠽᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1263 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠯᠢ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠸᠧᠢ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠱᠧᠩ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 30 ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ 36 ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠦᠭᠴᠦ᠂ 200 ᠤᠰᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 10 ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠂ 100 ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 1700 ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢᠽᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1265 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠭᠦᠸᠧ ᠱᠸᠤ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠹᠦ᠋ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ | ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠣᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ 4 ᠰᠦᠨᠢ 4 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠱᠧᠩ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢᠽᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1271 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1326 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ | ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠴᠢᠩ ︵1368~ 1911 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠡᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1372 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠸᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣ᠋ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠡᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1376 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠲᠦ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1477 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ 83 ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠱᠢᠽᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1649 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ︶ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠱᠧᠩᠽᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1697 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ︽ᠲᠦᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ︾᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠯᠦᠸᠧ | ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠨᠲᠤᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠱᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠾᠧᠩ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠣᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ | ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ 101 ᠰᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ 3 ᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠷ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ 96 ᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ 2 ᠰᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ▲ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠱᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | 1.17 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠠ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠾᠧ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠬᠡᠬᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠣ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰᠠ 1.5 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ 1600 ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠭᠤᠤᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ︵1736~ 1795 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠨᠤᠤᠰᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ▲ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠮᠠ ᡂᠢ᠂ ᠾᠧᠩ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠪᠤᠤ᠂ ᠱᠢ ᠽᠦᠢ ᠽᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 3 | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ | ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠽᠦᠢ ᠽᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠤᠰᠣ | ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠲᠤᠷᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠭᠤᠤᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1738 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠨᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠵᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ᠂ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ᠂ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠪ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠢ︾᠃ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠦᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ | ᠹᠧᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠱᠢ ᠽᠦᠢ ᠽᠢ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠾᠧ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠬᠢ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠷ ᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ 5 ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠦᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠯᠦᠸᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︵ᠦᠬᠠᠢ | ᠠᠴᠠ 105 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠲᠡᠰ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ | M 8 ᠲᠡᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠭᠤᠤᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ~ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ︵1763~ 1766 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠭᠤᠤᠽᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1773 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠩᠷᠤᠪᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠮᠠᠨᠪᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ | ᠵᠤᠤ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠᠰᠣ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠦ | ᠲᠠᠩ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠮᠤᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1869 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠣᠳᠢ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠴᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠵᠤᠤ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢ ᠱᠦᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠦ᠋ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠫᠦ᠋ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠮᠤᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1870 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠮᠠ ᡂᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠱᠢ ᠽᠦᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠯᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠵᠠᠮᠰᠣ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1875 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠾᠧ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨᠸᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠸᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠸᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ︵1875~1908 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ︽ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠣ᠂ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1887 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠯᠣᠣ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1947 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1893 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ︶ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1904 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 1300 ᠮᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠤ᠋ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ 3 ᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | |